Cars with electric (Electric cars)

An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one electric motor or more, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration.

With the German Flocken Elektrowagen, the first electric car of the world was created in 1888 already^[1]. Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engine technology and mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles led to a decline in the use of electric drive vehicles. The energy crises of the 1970s and 1980s brought a short-lived interest in electric cars; although, those cars did not reach the mass marketing stage, as is the case in the 21st century. Since 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing has occurred due to advances in battery and power management technologies, concerns about increasing oil prices, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.^[2][3]

As of November 2013, series production highway-capable models available in some countries include the Mitsubishi i MiEV, Chery QQ3 EV, JAC J3 EV, Nissan Leaf, Smart ED, Wheego Whip LiFe, BYD e6, Bolloré Bluecar, Renault Fluence Z.E., Ford Focus Electric, BMW ActiveE, Tesla Model S, Honda Fit EV, RAV4 EV second generation, Renault Zoe, Roewe E50, Mahindra e2o,Chevrolet Spark EV, Fiat 500e, Volkswagen e-Up! and BMW i3. The world's top-selling highway-capable all-electric cars are the Nissan Leaf, with global sales of 83,000 units through September 2013;^[4] the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, with global sales of more than 30,000 vehicles by June 2013, including more than 4,000 minicab MiEVs sold in Japan, and over 10,000 units rebadged as Peugeot iOn and Citroën C-Zero and sold in the European market;^[5][6] and the Tesla Model S, with 18,200 units delivered through September 2013.^[7][8] Pure electric car sales in 2012 were led by Japan with a 28% market share of global sales, followed by the United States with a 26% share, China with 16%, France with 11%, and Norway with 7%.^[9]

Benefits of electric cars over conventional internal combustion engine automobiles include a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit tailpipe pollutants,^[10] in many cases, a large reduction in total greenhouse gas and other emissions (dependent on the fuel and technology used for electricity generation^[2][3]), and less dependence on foreign oil, which in several countries is cause for concern about vulnerability to oil price volatility and supply disruption.^[2][11][12] Widespread adoption of electric cars faces several hurdles and limitations, however, including the higher cost of electric vehicles, the lack of recharging infrastructure (other than home charging) and the driver's fear of the batteries running out of energy before reaching their destination (range anxiety) due to the limited range of most existing electric cars.^[2][3]